January 1901
Opening lines: “Let me welcome back Mr. W. D. Howells to ‘the old frank’ Harper’s Magazine, wherein so long he flew the flag of Count Tolstoï, and rebuked the adherents of King Romance.
Topics:
- Lang mocks Howells for his “attributing to inanimate objects a human personality” and says this is typical of Dickens, savages, and children*: ‘The Easy Chair seemed dazed,’ we all feel dazed, as if the clock had been put back by fifty years” (280).
- Lang mocks Howells for believing Ibsen, Hardy, Zola, and James are “forgotten” while ‘the cry is now for historical romances. . . . upon a simple formula of bloodshed and arch-heroism in either sex, and history Bottomwise translated out of all likeness to human events.’ Lang does not recognize the description from recent American historical novels which “seem rather staid works, and Washington occasionally appears” (281). Lang does not recognize the description in English historical novels such as Sophia, by Stanley Weyman. When Howells says he will not cheapen Brander Matthews’s The Action and the Word by comparing it to recent historical novels, Lang quips: “I could not cheapen it, I could not even ask for a discount, if it were in the local bookseller’s shop” (281).
- Thinks it wrong of Howells to so condemn all recent historical novels and asks what would have happened if we applied the same rule to Shakespeare, Scott, and Greek Epics and Dramas, which are full of bloodshed and questionable history (281).
- “The truth is, that no literary genre is bad in itself, ‘if its intentions be virtuous.’ . . . [Shakespeare] and all other authors of fiction deal with men and women as they have known them. Only the costume, and accidents of manners, and opportunities for a certain class of adventures, make the difference between an historical novel and a novel of to-day” (282).
- Nonfiction historical writing is also apt to be inaccurate. In fiction, “the details, though better when right, are unessential. It is the men and women who must be real men and women, like Macbeth, Hamlet, Louis XI., St. John, and so on.” (282)
- “Mr. Howell’s real objection, I conceive, is moral. He wishes us to live in ‘the living present,’ the fleeting hour. But we do that ‘all the time,’ except in the rare hours which we give to history or to historical fiction” (283)
- Argues that the historical novel is the only historical genre that most people will read; notes his own fascination with “Queen Mary’s guilt or innocence. You get into the past, you find ‘clues,’ you piece your case together, like Mr. Sherlock Holmes. But, Lord, the labour, the scores of great quartos, the dusty manuscripts that you have to tackle! And your results, after all, do not read ‘like a novel;’ no tired people will take pleasure in your results” (283)
- Lang thinks readers need a “holiday”: “The novels may be imbecile, as Mr. Howells says, but the mere desire to see a little of the past, in however dim or distorted a mirror, is a desire honourable in itself, and full of promise of better things” (284). Lang pleased to hear that bootblacks and newsboys are “reading about Washington and Napoleon in novels” (284).
- Lang says “Printing has become most slovenly” and includes examples of errors by authors and proof-readers from The British Monthly, the Academy (284–86).
- Lang discusses book plate collectors, who are in two camps, one praise beauty, the other rarity. Lang strongly dislikes their taking the plates out of the books: “A book-plate is of next to no interest, except on the book where the owner placed it. If he was an interesting person, he lends interest to that book by his plate” (286)
- Professor Barrett’s “second volume, nearly 400 pages long, on the ‘so-called Divining Rod” and Lang’s commentary (286–88): “where water-finding is concerned, only hydrologists and geologists have any locus standi as critics” (288)
*”I rather suspect (and so, I think, does Mr. Herbert Spencer) that children are put on this line of fancy by nursery tradition” (280).
February 1901
Opening lines:
“It is not very often that I feel impelled to attempt the art of fiction. A vision of the innumerable argosies of romance–love-making, disquisition, description, history, theology, æstetics, and ethics, all sailing under the flag of the modern Novel—rises before the mind. What chance has any one vessel in this oceanic competition?”
Topics:
- Lang notes that he will include a work of fiction at the close of this number, with dialect words interpreted for those who detest it. (375)
- On Frazer’s The Golden Bough: “The conclusion is that men began with magic, thinking they could run the universe, as it were, and control the weather, by means of certain fantastic tricks. Finding that idea a failure, they tried religion. . . Next man took to science. . . . But Mr. Frazer entertains a gloomy doubt as to whether even science will avail ‘to kindle the dying fire of the sun.’ As it goes out, I think religion is likely to come in again, also magic; for when we are but a small tribe of savages, shivering along the Equator, no doubt our mental condition will be much like that of the Eskimo; who, after all, are a happy, peaceful, but extremely dirty people. Man will adapt himself to his environment and rub along somehow; moreover, science may be forced to recognise some facts on which, like Nelson, she at present turns her blind eye. ‘A reaction’ may ‘set in which may arrest progress’ in the irreligious direction” (375–76)
- Lang gets highly annoyed at Frazer’s elaborate conjectures, in particular one claim: “‘Tradition ran that the fate of the family of Hay was bound up with the mistletoe of a certain oak.’ The authority is a newspaper cutting, name and date of newspaper unknown. Mr. Frazer conjectures ‘the older view probably was that the lives of all the Hays were in this particular mistletoe.’ . . . Now is this probable?” (376). Lang points out that the poem Frazer is basing his claim on is clearly from the nineteenth century. Lang makes a guess at who wrote the poem: “But I hasten to add that this suggestion is not history, nor science; it is more or less ingenious guessing as to the authorship of a poem which appears to have been found in a country newspaper unknown. In science I feel sure that the less we conjecture, the better . . .” (377).
- Lang hopes “that golfers and others will purchase Mr. John Low’s Life of the late Lieutenant F. G. Tait (Nisbet). The profits of the book are to be given to the wives and children of Mr. Tait’s regiment, the famous old Black Watch, first recruited among the Highlanders before 1745” (377). While discussing the book, Lang recommends better methods of teaching Greek.
- The Casket Letters of Mary Stuart, “of disputed authenticity” and the phrase “a body without a heart” which appears in Letter II and in Mary Queen of Scots’s poetry.
- Lang discusses the disqualification of certain bowlers in cricket, maintains that no one “throws on purpose,” and his own mortification upon being told that he did. Lang recommends disqualifying “batsman who notoriously defend their wickets with their legs” (379).
- “The Minister of Spot. 1570.” A tale. Lang gives his historical sources: Froude, Robert Lekprevik, Richard Bannatyne (379–84). At the end, Lang states what is untrue in the story.
- At the end of this number, after the notice to correspondents, there is a note on the Donna, for which the editor received a contribution. “He begs that any further contributions may be sent to the Sister-in-Charge, 42A Dock Street, E., as the Donna Fund has been long closed.
March 1901
Opening lines: “Even in notes which avoid public affairs it is impossible not to touch, however briefly, on the great national misfortune and deep personal sorrow with which the century opens for British subjects. It is not too much to say that the grief is personal to each of us, and by all most acutely felt” (472).
Topics:
- Queen Victoria’s death. Praised for her “true genius” for the “difficult and embarrassing post of a constitutional monarch.” Mentions her public sorrow for the death of Gordon, praises Albert as being the best prince since Alfred, Victoria the most admirable queen since St. Margaret (472).
- Mourns the Bishop of London’s death (Mandell Creighton): “Of the Churchman I am not able to speak, but may bear a word of witness to the kind and constant friend in whose company, for thirty years, I have had so much pleasure, never touched by an unkind word or look” (472). (472–73)
- Discusses Frederic Myers’s death and Meyer’s work (473–75): “Another man who assuredly leaves no one like him is Mr. Frederic Myers” (473). Discusses his literary efforts, Classical Essays, Saint Paul, and the fragments of his translation of Virgil (473). [Lang urges a younger, unnamed poet to “finish his translation of the Odyssey” (474).]
- “It is certainly to be regretted that Mr. Myers did not do more in literature. But he was mastered by his idea of establishing the spiritual nature of man on a scientific basis. . . . His study was, to the last degree, unpopular. Most men of science, all men of popular science, jeered at and disregarded it. The religious thought it profane; the man in the street said ‘Boo!’; critics opposed it on a priori grounds, delivering judgments on what they had not read, and inventing the facts which they criticised. Mr. Myers, Mr. Gurney, and Mr. Henry Sidgwick could not be induced to lose their tempers. They had good humour unshaken, and infinitely more humour than their facetious assailants.” (474)
- Lang claims that engaging in psychical research is “excellent training–for the historian. He begins to learn the nature of evidence, and the precautions to be taken in establishing or rejecting facts” (474). Notes Meyer’s pointing out non-psychical solutions to predicaments.
- “If ever the world does accept them, will it make much practical difference? As far as I can see, the ages of faith were times of unscrupulous and rampageous villany, quite unchecked by the belief in a future life” (476).
- Discusses the past tradition of displaying the body parts of the executed and the house where Darnley was blown up, which is not certainly inside or outside of the town wall. (476). It is difficult to describe houses clearly; see Trollope’s Ullathorne in Barchester Towers (477).
- “Probably Trollope is not read now; if so, people lose a good deal. The Barchester book is historical. The date is nearly fifty years away, and the manners are remote. In those days you might have seen a Briton walking with a lady on each arm; one would as soon expect to see the severed arms and legs of a traitor” (477).
- Mr. Clear responded on Lang’s description of his error in the previous month and pointed out an error of Lang’s, an “an” where there should have been a “no.” Lang replied, “I do not blame [the compositor]; my ‘no’ is very like my ‘an.’ But I never saw a ‘proof’ of my article; whereas I understand that Mr. Clear probably did see, or should have seen, a proof of his remarkable couplet [of Tennyson–“slipped” for “slept’]” (477).
- The line “Conscia lympha Deum vidit et erubuit” (478)
- The scarcity of salmon not merely “a modern sorrow.” Lang refers to 1571 letter (478).
- Professor Brander Matthews “is always ‘spoiling for a fight’ about ‘Americanisms,’ and returns to the charge in the Cosmopolitan. Very well, let us clear the decks for action. There is nothing injurious in the word ‘Americanism.” No Scot or Frenchman is aggrieved if we speak of a ‘Gallicism’ or a ‘Scotticism.’ Still, both Scotticisms and Gallicisms are better kept out of English, where they are not in their proper place. So is an Americanism better kept out of English, though very telling phrases may be borrowed from America, as from Scotland, France, or Ireland. The survival of the fittest will have its way, and a fit idiom may be borrowed from anywhere. Still, a judicious writer or speaker will not be in a hurry to borrow. Again, an idiom popular in America, but not used in England, may be an old English idiom, used by Shakespeare. But if it has acquired a kind of slang currency in America, I would not be the first to adopt it here. . . . However, it is a matter on which every writer must form his own opinion—I trust without vexing the patriotic soul of the learned Professor. Dr. Johnson objected to the word ‘fun’; by this time we do not know why: it has its uses.” (478–79)
- Lang objects to calling “stray neologisms” “Briticisms” or “Americanisms” based on their being coined by a particular writer on either side of the Atlantic; he wants to see that the word has “struck root in the language. And, even so, I doubt if we should brand a nation with the evanescent eccentricities of careless or ‘precious’ writers” (479).
- “That Mr. Barrie, or even Mr. William Watson, uses an Americanism (in each case quite serviceable and open to no objection) only proves what I started by saying, that some Americanisms deserve to be acclimatised, while others do not” (480).
- Lang notes that Æeschylus went to Sicily frequently, and hopes Brander Matthews will read the plays with him the next time Matthews “alights on these shores” in order to point out the Sicilianisms: “my Greek is not delicate enough to detect them, especially as I have no Sicilian literature of the period to compare with Æschylus” (480).
April 1901 (incomplete)
May 1901 (incomplete)
June 1901 (incomplete)
July 1901 (incomplete)
August 1901 (incomplete)
September 1901 (incomplete)
October 1901
Opening Lines: “One element, at least, of the great American joke, I have discovered. That element is the statement that the present modest writer’s name is the name of a syndicate of men of letters, like ‘Homer’ or ‘Alexandre Dumas.’ A sound criticism would dispel a conclusion natural, indeed, in a highly critical age. But Bacon’s position is just the reverse. America, in the person of Mrs. Gallup, has discovered that Shakspeare, Green (or Greene), Peel (or Peele), Burton, Ben Jonson, Marlowe, and many others, including Spenser, were pseudonyms of Bacon.” (568)
- Lang claims that, as he is not “a statesman in active business” like Bacon, but rather a person who has “nothing to do but to scribble for my daily bread,” it is perfectly possible for him to have written all his own works (and goes on to claim ‘Mr. Ruskin’s later books . . . Tennyson’s later poems (he paid me very badly), and of the humorous essays and newspaper correspondence of Mr. W. L. Alden” (568).
- “The myth [that Lang is a syndicate] is so funny, and so dear to American humourists, that it occurs twice in The New York Times and Saturday Review of August 10. The citizens, apparently, cannot have too much of this excellent jeu d’esprit. Well, I am no more a syndicate than an Elizabethan syndicate was Francis Bacon” (569).
- Lang complains of the grammar of M. E. W. Sherwood in the American Saturday Review in this sentence: ‘I think I would rather die of hiccoughs superinduced by reading Anstey than to read George Moore’s Sister Teresa.” (569)
- A discussion, via Mrs. Sherwood’s report, of Olive Schreiner Cronwright’s politics, and her husband’s regarding Boer and English treatment of native South Africans (570). “Politics are inconvenient in family circles.”
- This month is notable for its reference to Dracula (1897), which Lang discusses after wondering whether ‘authors do wisely in publishing their novels at sixpence. For one, I feel disinclined to purchase a novel at six shillings if I can get one as good, though not as new, for sixpence. If one has not read it before, it is as good as new” (570). “Thus I have inexpensively perused, and thrown away, Mr. Bram Stoker’s Dracula. One always heard that it was ‘horrid’ enough to suit the taste of Miss Catherine Morland in Northanger Abbey. Yet it only wins a smile from the experienced student of vampires and their ways’ (571). Lang then derides the “rules of vampiring, as indicated by Mr. Stoker,” mocks some of them as silly, recommends that they “ought to be printed in an appendix; at present the pastime is as difficult as Bridge,” and lists the “chief rules” as far as he understands them: “there are others to which a person of taste would rather not allude” (571).
- “On the whole, Dracula is very much too ‘bluggy,’ and that is not as the result of honest clash of steel. The girl who became a vampire after receiving three proposals in one day must have been a minx. She went about vamping children at Hampstead. A vampire with a cheque-book, a solicitor, and a balance at the bank, is not a plausible kind of creature. Mr. Sheridan Le Fanu’s Carmilla was a better and more credible vampire, and her story was less butcherly than this sixpenny narrative. To me the vampire belief seems one of the very few popular superstions which have not a basis in fact of some kind; unless, indeed, the basis is the nature of infectious diseases” (571–72).
- Lang mocks the use of the word “strong” in reviews of nine recent novels: “we really are not from strength to strength advancing, as the kind critics would induce the guileless to believe” (572).
- Lang also discusses Isabel Carnaby, which he has now read in its sixpenny version, not having read it in its “six-shilling bloom” “perhaps because the persons who recommended it did not possess my literary confidence. But now I understand its popularity” (572).
- Lang wonders why dogs have such an “amazing and beautiful affection” for their masters and wonders whether, if love “is more strong than death,” a dog may “be admitted ‘to that equal sky’? If so, I hope he won’t bark at night” (573).
- Lang reports the account of the Toper-na-Vuolich Courier, where a popular novelist (a Mr. Stubbins), waits for a belated steamboat to come in and then stabs his illustrator, whom he says has long made him ridiculous (573–74). “The wretched man has some sympathisers among those who have examined the pictures in his novels. Many think that the eccentricities of the railway and steamboat service have shaken his mental equilibrium, as he has often been seen wringing his hands on the pier when a steamer did not arrive, or a train went away at hours not appointed by the time-table. . . . These things may be a parable, but, after enduring much from the irresponsible vagaries of Scotch locomotives, and after turning over the pages of a number of illustrated novels, not rash act on the part of an author would surprise me. A novel by Mr. W. E. Norris, especially, lies before me, and if that author in some wild hour did clear scores with the artist, I could not conscientiously condemn him. Not being intimately familiar with the law of libel (which may be severe on art criticism), I unwillingly abstain from being more particular” (574–75).
- A discussion of whether the ‘golden branch . . . in the sixth book of the Æneid . . . was a mistletoe bough. This is a truly antiquarian topic, for we can never find out the answer” (575). It is noted that a correspondent has written that no mistletoe now seems currently to grow “in the woods near the lake of Nemi.” Dr. Furnivall’s discussion with Mr. Browning about Childe Roland is discussed, and the fact that Browning denied the poem being an allegory “and I am apt to think that he knew best” (575).
- Lang writes, “I keep troubling the learned, my anthropological friends, with examples of a fairly high religion among low savages, who do not appear to have borrowed it. This faith, if proved, strikes at the root of some prevalent theories, or is thought so to do. But it is really a case for the review of evidence in a critical way, and I wish that some young student, in the possession of leisure, would undertake this review. . . . Mr. Max Müller, on this point as to savage religion, was of my own provisional opinion, and in his Last Essays, cites an example which is new to me [of the prayer of ‘Wandering tribes in Patagonia’, as cited in ‘M. A. Guimard’s Three Years’ Slavery among the Patagonians (p. 163)’] (575–76). “This example, of course, does not, so far, prove anything, but merely points, with many others, to a region of statements which has been overlooked and needs close examination. We cannot merely dismiss all such statements as unlikely, for the improbability rests on our own ignorance and preconceptions. Somebody with wealth and an interest in the subject might do worse than found a prize essay, for, verily, ‘there is no money in it.'” (576)
Signed: Andrew Lang.
“November 1901 (incomplete)
December 1901 (incomplete)
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